Everything about Ewald Martyr totally explained
Saints
Ewald (or
Hewald) were
Ewald the Black and
Ewald the Fair, martyrs in
Old Saxony about
695. Both bore the same name, but were distinguished by the difference in the colour of their hair and complexions. They are now honoured as saints in
Westphalia.
The two priests were companions, both natives of
Northumbria,
England. According to the example of many at that time, they spent several years as students in the schools of
Ireland. Ewald the Black was the more learned of the two, but both were equally renowned for holiness of life. They were apparently acquainted with St.
Willibrord, the of
Friesland, and were animated with his zeal for the conversion of the
Germans. Some sources number them among the eleven companions of that saint. More probably, however, they set out from England after St. Willibrord's departure, in an attempt to convert their own cousins in
Old Saxony.
They entered upon their mission about
690. The scene of their labours was the country of the ancient
Saxons, now part of
Westphalia, and covered by the dioceses of
Münster,
Osnabrück, and
Paderborn. At first the Ewalds took up their abode in the house of the steward of a certain
Saxon earl or
ealdorman (satrapa).
Bede remarks that "the old Saxons have no king, but they're governed by several ealdormen [satrapas] who during war cast lots for leadership, but who in time of peace are equal in power"
Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, V, 10). The steward entertained his two guests for several days, and promised to conduct them to the chieftain. They intended to convert him and so affirmed they'd a message of considerable importance to deliver to him.
Meanwhile, the Ewalds omitted nothing of their religious exercises. They prayed often, recited the canonical hours, and celebrated
Mass, for they carried with them all that was necessary. The pagan Saxons, witnessing these activities of the
Christian priests and missionaries, began to suspect that the Ewalds planned to convert their over-lord, destroy their temples and supplant their religion. Inflamed with jealousy and anger, they resolved that the Ewalds should die. An uprising followed and both priests were quickly seized. Ewald the Fair was killed quickly by sword. Ewald the Black was tortured, because he was the spokesman and showed greater boldness. He was torn limb from limb, after which both their bodies were cast into the
Rhine. This is understood to have happened on
3 October at a place called
Aplerbeck today a district of
Dortmund, where a chapel still stands. When the ealdorman heard of what had been done he was angry and fearful of reprisals, and punished the murderers by putting them to death and burning their villages.
Christian sources describe various
miracles after the priests' deaths, including their martyred bodies being miraculously carried against the stream for the space of forty miles to the place in which the companions of the Ewalds were residing. As they floated along, says the
Catholic Encyclopedia, "a heavenly light, like a column of fire, was seen to shine above them." Even the murderers are said to have witnessed the miraculous brightness. Moreover, one of the martyrs appeared in vision to the monk
Tilmon (a companion of the Ewalds), and told him where the bodies would be found: "that the spot would be there where he should see a pillar of light reaching from earth to heaven". Tilmon arose and found the bodies, and interred them with the honours due to martyrs. From that time onwards, the memory of the Ewalds was annually celebrated in those parts. A spring of water is said to have gushed forth in the place of the martyrdom.
Pepin,
Duke of
Austrasia, having heard of the wonders that had occurred, caused the bodies to be buried in
Cologne, where they were solemnly enshrined in the collegiate church of St.
Cunibert. The heads of the martyrs were bestowed on Frederick,
Bishop of Münster, by Archbishop
Anno of Cologne, at the opening of the shrine in
1074. These
relics were probably destroyed by the
Anabaptists in
1534. When Saint
Norbert visited Cologne, in
1121, he obtained two small vessels containing the relics of several saints, and among them were bones of the sainted Ewalds. These were deposited either at
Prémontré, or at
Floreffe, a
Premonstratensian monastery in the province of
Namur. The two Ewalds are honoured as
patrons in Westphalia, and are mentioned in the
Roman Martyrology on 3 October. Their feast is celebrated in the dioceses of Cologne and Münster. The
Saxons were eventually converted to
Christianity by force in the
8th century by
Charlemagne.
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